Improvement of Photovoltaic Panel Performance Using Cooling Water System

Document Type : Original Article

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Higher Technological Institute - 6th of October

10.21608/jisse.2025.419816.1117

Abstract

This study examines the impact of water cooling on photovoltaic panel performance under Egypt’s harsh summer conditions. Two water flow rates (2.2 L/min and 1.125 L/min) were carefully tested to evaluate their effect on the overall electrical efficiency of the system. Experiments were conducted with voltage (30–35 V), current (0.5–7.8 A), and solar intensity (400–800 W/m²) between 9:00 AM and 1:00 PM. Results clearly show that increasing the water flow rate to 2.2 L/min significantly enhances electrical efficiency compared to uncooled panels. The highest voltage, current, and efficiency were all achieved at 2.2 L/min, while no cooling resulted in significantly lower performance values. Four accurate empirical equations were developed to help predict key performance parameters, with deviations consistently remaining within ±10%. Compared to published data, water cooling improved efficiency at 2.2 L/min, followed by 1.125 L/min, confirming its practical effectiveness in enhancing PV panel performance in extremely hot climates.

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